I Want a Wife Judy Bradys Legendary Feminist Satire

One of the best-remembered pieces from the premiere issue of Ms. magazine is â€Å"I Want a Wife.† Judy Brady’s (then Judy Syfers) tongue-in-cheek essay explained in one page what all too many men had taken for granted about â€Å"housewives.† What Does a Wife Do? â€Å"I Want a Wife† was a humorous piece that also made a serious point: Women who played the role of â€Å"wife† did many helpful things for husbands and usually children without anyone realizing. Even less, it wasnt acknowledged that these â€Å"wife’s tasks† could have been done by someone who wasn’t a wife, such as a man. â€Å"I want a wife who will take care of my physical needs. I want a wife who will keep my house clean. A wife who will pick up after my children, a wife who will pick up after me. The desired wife tasks included: Work to support us so I can go back to schoolTake care of the children, including feeding them and nurturing them, keeping them clean, taking care of their clothes, taking care of their schooling and social lifeKeep track of doctor and dentist appointmentsKeep my house clean and pick up after meSee to it that my personal things are where I can find them when I need themTake care of the babysitting arrangementsBe sensitive to my sexual needsBut do not demand attention when I am not in the moodDo not bother me with complaints about a wife’s duties The essay fleshed out these duties and listed others. The point, of course, was that housewives were expected to do all these things, but no one ever expected a man to be capable of these tasks. The underlying question of the essay was â€Å"Why?† Striking Satire At the time, â€Å"I Want a Wife† had the humorous effect of surprising the reader because a woman was the one asking for a wife. Decades before gay marriage became a commonly discussed subject, there was only one person who had a wife: a privileged male husband. But, as the essay famously concluded, â€Å"who wouldn’t want a wife?† Origins Judy Brady was inspired to write her famous piece at a feminist consciousness-raising session. She was complaining about the issue when someone said, â€Å"Why don’t you write about it?† She went home and did so, completing the essay within a few hours. Before it was printed in Ms., â€Å"I Want a Wife† was first delivered aloud in San Francisco on Aug 26, 1970. Judy (Syfers) Brady read the piece at a rally celebrating the 50th anniversary of women’s right to vote in the U.S., obtained in 1920. The rally packed a huge crowd into Union Square; hecklers stood near the stage as I Want a Wife was read. Lasting Fame Since â€Å"I Want a Wife† appeared in Ms., the essay has become legendary in feminist circles. In 1990, Ms. reprinted the piece. It is still read and discussed in women’s studies classes and mentioned in blogs and news media.  It is often used as an example of satire and humor in the feminist movement. Judy Brady later became involved in other social justice causes, crediting her time in the feminist movement with being foundational for her later work. Echoes of the Past: The Supportive Role of Wives Judy Brady does not mention knowing an essay by Anna Garlin Spencer from much earlier in the 20th century, and may not have known it, but this echo from the so-called first wave of feminism shows that the ideas in I Want a Wife were in the minds of other women, too,   In The Drama of the Woman Genius (collected in Womans Share in Social Culture), Spencer addresses  womens chances for achievement the supportive role that wives had played for many famous men, and how many famous women, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, had the responsibility for childcare and housekeeping as well as writing or other work.  Spencer writes, â€Å"A successful woman preacher was once asked what special obstacles have you met as a woman in the ministry? Not one, she answered, except the lack of a ministers wife.† Edited and with additional content by  Jone Johnson Lewis

Consent Is A Vital Part Of Human Socialization - 1593 Words

Consent. It is a vital part of human socialization. It means one’s voice, choice, agreement, and participation. Consent is a concept that some just do not understand. It is tremendously important when engaging in multiple affairs like intimacy, business agreements, legal contracts, etc. But consent could also translate to small activities like attending a party, making a drink for someone else, or agreeing on a film to watch. There are also some crimes that people consent to taking part in. In the eyes of the law, these crimes are considered â€Å"victimless† because the would-be victim consented to the crime. (Dempsey, 2013) There are two sides to every jail cell, meaning that the question â€Å"Does victimless crime exist?† has contrary answers depending on who’s answering. This paper’s assertion is in support of the present factor of victimhood for an act to be considered a crime. In Crime and Morality by Hans Boutellier, it is explained that â€Å"[Bedau (1974)] wonders whether there really is such a thing as victimless crime. ‘If there are crimes which are truly victimless, for what reason did they become criminal in the first place?’ (p.57) †¦ The fact that there is agreement does not necessarily exclude the possibility of victimhood.† (2000, pg. 57) Thus, if there is no victim, there is no crime, rendering some â€Å"victimless crimes† fallacious. Although, there are some â€Å"victimless crimes† that are indeed crimes because they do have a victim, also rendering the term â€Å"victimless crime†Show MoreRelatedThe For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide / When The Rainbow Is Enuf1394 Words   |  6 Pagesin this poem allows the woman to have agency over her body, and address the concerning ways in which women are socialized; however, this gaze is problematic in the way that is treats men. 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Also if the parents aren’t married when the child is born, there are no effectsRead MoreQueer Representation Of All Ages Media Essay2163 Words   |  9 PagesThis perception of the sissy character as a homosexual is absolutely vital in understanding the tumultuous portrayal of the queer identity. It exemplifies the medias one dimensional portrayal of queer people as the â€Å"other†, something unnatural, something to ridicule (a 1920s silent film dialogue card refers to a sissy character as â€Å"one of Nature s mistakes†). It shows the immense power media has as both an agent of socialization and a reflection of society. The sissy stock character provided anRead MoreMoral Development During Adolescence Essay8689 Words   |  35 Pagesthe pooled data was used for the quantitative part of the research. 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Did God Create The World or was it Created by Chance Free Essays

Many atheists argue that religious believers have blind faith ,but does it not take blind faith to believe that DNA and cells were created by chance. The DNA is too complicated to have just been created by chance. Think of the dictionary, if I told someone that I thought the dictionary was created by chance over billions of years ago you would think I was insane. We will write a custom essay sample on Did God Create The World or was it Created by Chance? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Remember the second law of Thermodynamics- High Complexity equals low Entropy and Low Complexity equals high entropy. This means the more complex something is the more organised it will be. So in the beginning there was low complexity so must have meant high entropy or chaos, well then how was the earth created with such low complexity and such little apparent chaos. Also how does a DNA get created by chance if it comes from nothing. Years ago microscopes were useless and when you looked at a cell you would just see a blob. It could be easy to think that this blob came by accident. Which leads me to my second point how can something be created from nothing. In the beginning there was nothing and now according to many scientists there is everything. By everything I mean the earth and the universe. In living cells the catalysts are enzymes. In the 1980s there was another kind of enzyme found, this was the RNA molecule. The RNA molecule (which is also a carrier of genetic information and a catalyst) or ribozyme sped up the making of the basic DNA and protein. But even including this assuming a ribosome is 300 nucleotides long and every nucleotide has 4 types of different nucleotides on it the calculation would 4^300 which is a number far too great to have taken even 13 billion years to do let alone 4. 54 billion years. Other people besides creationist do not believe the Big Bang. Some people who want to deny God might say the ‘Intelligent Design Theory’ which states cells need a designer they are far too complex to have happened randomly. Think of it this way ‘Darwin’s Black Box’ which is a microscopic machine which was created to move the little flagellum a little bit took many years to create and was very complex it should be even harder to make everything else in the bacterium and to say it was created by chance would be preposterous. Opponents to Intelligent Theory Design hypothesise that there is a cluster of universes; more than our own observable universe. If our universe were one instance in a population of failed universes, then the fact that ours is fine-tuned for life would not be surprising. If this was true though and there were an infinite amount of universes then that means anything is possible. For example in one universe there could be an actual Easter Bunny living with an actual Father Christmas. So if this multiverse theory were to be true and there were many other parallel universes then that would leave an even bigger problem. Where are they? How do we know we are the ‘perfect’ planet. If this universe is fine-tuned and that is the reason why we are 19. 6 million kilometres from the sun or why gravity is not a little bit greater so the stars don’t become red-dwarfs. If they were red-dwarfs they would have been too cold to support life-bearing planets. All the rest of the planets are unfit for human life and this shows how unique the earth is which I believe must have taken a creator. Time is the creator of all things Well this is how it works we think to ourselves nothing is impossible, so the impossible become probable. The probable then becomes certain and the certain becomes reality. Spontaneous Generation is the theory that life came from inorganic materials but was proven wrong by Louis Pasteur. He wrote that you would need a parent cell to create another cell, it cannot just be formed just like that. Anyone who does believe in spontaneous generation have been deluded by their own poorly conducted experiments. Atheist prefer to hear that life came from inorganic substances instead of a creator or miracle. This makes sense because atheists believe that the universe just ‘popped’ into existence. One minute nothing, next minute everything. The earth also had to have been find tuned from the moments of its inception for it to be able to sustain life. And nothing was living in the beginning so there couldn’t have been any parent cell. This is thought of as Abiogenesis which the process by which living organisms are created from non-living things. This is obviously not true because there are no living things on earth that have come from non-living things. Why does science not know where the birds and butterflies migrate to? Why is we need maps and aids to help us fly our planes? How come a butterfly can fly to someplace it wants to get without any aid? Insects are very far down the evolutionary time scales. How does the most highly evolved life forms not have the capabilities of a simple butterfly. There are many things in nature we cannot replicate or improve upon. Things in nature are said to be the product of chance and time. Well what is time? How much does it weigh? What does it consist of? Time is not a thing. Time is a non-being. So you can add time to help you figure out the Big Bang Theory but in the end what existed first ,time or matter? Can time exist without matter? Things in nature are just too beautiful to be the outcome of a giant, random, nonsensical implosion. So according to atheists, if we leave chance and time to do its work on our computers ,will they just become the most high-flying, amazing piece of kits ever? NO, of course not. Birds can do all sorts of things,fly upside down, land on a thin piece of wire. Why can’t an aeroplane manoeuvre as well as a bird. If the bird just came by chance surely we could come with something much better than that. In 1953 Stanley Miller passed a spark through a chosen mixture of gases. What he found changed science forever. The gasses formed amino-acids. Amino acids which are the main ingredients in proteins. Proteins are what make up most of our body. In truth amino acids do link up together to form proteins but that is like saying bricks will come together to form a house . You would be missing important parts of the house like a door and a bathroom. This is the same for proteins ,they are far too complex to have been created just using amino acids. Some people also believe that there was a special protein which assembled itself by chance in a prebiotic environment. Prebiotic is the general term to refer to chemicals that induce the growth or activity of micro-organisms. Double Thinkers are also another sort of theory. It is the belief that God helped start evolution and the world. To Double Think actually means the acceptance of contrary opinions or beliefs at the same time, especially as a result of political indoctrination. In conclusion everything can’t start from one point of inception full of nothing. The Multiverse Theory is too extreme and crazy. To say that there are billions of other universes where something impossible in this universe is possible in another ,is too farcical to even consider. If we still believe in the Big Bang Theory then why is it still a theory and where does all the starting matter come from? ‘Our minds work in real time, which begins at the Big Bang and will end, if there is a Big Crunch – which seems unlikely, now, from the latest data showing accelerating expansion. Consciousness would come to an end at a singularity. ’-Stephen Hawking. How to cite Did God Create The World or was it Created by Chance?, Papers

Railway Safety Performance in Union †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Railway Safety Performance in Union. Answer: Introduction: Hazards and risks can occur both at the private sphere and at the workplace. The definition assigned to a hazard is the condition that has the potential to cause injury, illness and death. It also extends to disrupting operations at work and damaging of goods. Risk can be defined as the probability that a hazard may occur and result in injury. Workplaces pose dangers of safety and risk due to the processes of production. Risk and safety management inculcates the sets of procedures that formulate and implement mitigation measures with regards to hazards. The management of risk is dependent on individual state policies and legislation on risk and safety management. The risk and safety policies on train accidents in Germany are governed by the EU laws together with federal legislation. The German legislation on health and occupational safety works under the umbrella guidelines that are set out in the Euro wide framework. The European Union guidelines define the structures and rules on occupational risks and its prevention. It also sets regulations on promoting safer working environments. The agency mandated to ensure safety standards in the train sector is the European Agency for Railways (ERA). Its core mandate is set out in regulation 2016/796 (Biennial Report, 2016, p.1). This agency works with stakeholders in the train sector and national train safety bodies of its member states. National Safety Authorities within the EU collect data gathered from this Euro agency for action at the state level. The Federal Railway Authority in Germany is the agency tasked with supervising railway operations, licensing and safety (BMVI, 2017). It operates in compliance with European Union laws and provides oversight on safety at the state level. This agency supervises safety operations at the federal level while regional railways are supervised by the federal states. It operates under the parent Ministry of Transport and Digital infrastructure. The risk and safety measures in the train sector in Germany are enshrined in the General Railways Act which spells out the statutory obligations to be adhered to. An operational safety management system is a pre-requisite as part of the obligations required to operate. It also has a railway inspectorate that performs random inspections on the railway infrastructure. The Federal Railway Authority regulates regional agreements on cross acceptance between the member states within the EU (EBA, 2017). This includes agreements between Germany and Italy, France and several other European nations. The rights of passengers are also regulated and safety information guidelines set out. It sets out the rights of the passenger and ensures these rights are safeguarded. Safety rules on stepping distances and gaps are set out in its national safety rules on trains. The National Investigations Body is the investigation branch and carries out investigations after train accidents have occurred within the Federal boundaries. It then initiates the appropriate preventive and corrective measures for the future. Train Accident- Bad Aibling 2016 In the month of February 2016, two trains in the Bad Aibling region of Germany were involved in a fatal collision which resulted in the deaths of more than ten persons (Railway Gazette, 2016). In addition, more than 85 people were also injured with varying degrees of severity. The accident occurred on the Mangfall Valley Railway which is single-track and involved two Meridian branded trains operated by Bayerische Oberlandbahn. The two trains had passenger numbers in excess of 150 persons. Both trains and the railway line were fitted with a train protection system (PZB) which is a safety measure designed to prevent train locomotive drivers from passing signals at danger by mistake. This safety feature is meant to reinforce signaling system at the sides of the railway track. According to the investigation reports, the cause of the accident was caused by the train controller who confessed that he had been playing a computer game and was distracted (Zuvela, 2016). While playing on his mobile phone, he transmitted the wrong signaling information to the two trains. When he realized his error, he tried to engage in emergency protocols by sending corrective codes to the two trains. He keyed in the wrong codes and this did not rectify the initial error he had made. The trains collided as they approached a bend which could have contributed to both drivers no seeing each other before the crash. Both trains had a driver and their instructor and were travelling at a relatively high speed when the accident occurred. The automatic braking system that is meant to stop trains that are not scheduled at that time failed to work during the accident. The breach on safety that translated the risk into an accident has been narrowed down to lapse of attention and breach of safety protocols. The lapse of attention was the primary offsetting cause that was compounded by the breach of safety rules. Lapses can be defined as omissions and missed actions that are caused by lack of proper attention to the task at hand. Most causes of lapse in attention are caused by boredom due to the repetitive nature of a task or job (Hopkins, 2014). Another cause could be attributed to fatigue which has been identified as an Occupational Health Safety hazard. It can result in reduced awareness in situations and impaired procedural memory and the reduced ability to recall information stored in the brain (Dawson, 2012).It can also lead to a state of reduced self-monitoring and greater divergence from the ideal desired state when working. The breach of safety protocols is in relation to not following the laid out procedures that should be followed in directing traffic over single track rails. The system used over the stretch where the accident occurred was the token block which allows for one train at a time to use the railway line (Sharples, 2016). The traffic controller did not check for the schedules of trains for that particular time and gave the go ahead for both trains to use the single track. His instructions disabled the Automatic Train Protection system temporarily. The onboard systems of both trains together with railway track system were disabled. This made it impossible for the system to work automatically and also cut off the input of the train drivers. Recommendations, Change of Policy and Implementation. The German Rail Accident Investigation agency carried out investigation into the accident and made several recommendations. The investigation showed that the documentation used by the company managing the tracks was outdated and incorrect in some areas. It did not also contain instructions for radio use in emergencies. The owner of the railway line at Bad Aibling is Deutsche Bahn which runs its operations through its subsidiary DB Netze. DB Netze is responsible for ensuring safety and controlling traffic. The company uses Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system which has some shortcomings on safety protocols. Bleiker (2016), states that the report recommended the implementation of the European Train Control System instead of the current system being used. The company as part of its policy change embarked on working with German Institute for Open Communications systems (FOKUS) in order to certify open-source software using the European standard across its infrastructure (Bleiker, 2016). The software is intended to reduce human errors along high speed railway tracks and to enhance safety of train passengers and crew. Human failure and technical mistakes are the most common cause of train accidents like the one witnessed at Bad Aibling (AP, 2016). The software is meant to be standard across the entire infrastructure operated by Deutsche Bahn. This standardization should result in lower costs of operating uniform safety standard protocols. In addition, Deutsche Bahn adopted an integrated Management System that factors in safety in its Safety Management System. The implementation involved the installation of a safety management system using global certification at its Schenker Logistics office (DB, 2017). This safety management system is comprehensive and includes measures and protocols that deal with occupational health and safety, management during emergency and fire safety. This is implemented using administrative actions in order to reduce hazards along its infrastructure (Safe Work Australia, 2017). This holistic approach looks intoinputs that affect productivity as human factors. This is intended to reduce human errors as in the case of the Bad Aibling accident. Actions to be taken in emergency and crisis situations are also included as part of the safety management framework. These risk and safety measures are continuously updated to fit the current best industry practices. The railway line operator has also undertaken a long-term infrastructure upgrade including its trains. The operator has embarked on an upgrade of stretches of its infrastructure which it operates. This involves modernizing the technology which controls the signal systems on danger and command protocols (SKF, 2017).This upgrade also involves building new lines which use new technology on control technology. The operator has undertaken a program to replace its existing fleet of trains with the new ICE-4 which has more security features. This includes smart sensor technology in its wheels which uses redundancy protocols. The sensors are integrated in the bearing unit and works with the existing safety signal systems. Hazards and risks are a common occurrence at work and require measures in mitigation which incorporates risk and safety features. The risk and safety management within Germany train operations is based on European standards and made operational at the Federal and regional level. The policy framework postulated is transposed into national laws and regulations. The train accident at Bad Aibling was the result of breaches in safety and risk management. The investigation that followed identified gaps in the risk assessment and asset management process. Recommendations made were implemented as a policy shift and infrastructure upgrade. This is to aid in eliminating potential risks in the future. References (2016). Cause of deadly German Train crash still a Mystery. CBS News. Retrieved from https://www.cbsnews.com/news/germany-train-crash-bad-aibling-human-error-or-systems-failure/ Biennial Report. (2016). Railway Safety Performance in the European Union. European Union Agency for Railway Safety. Retrieved from https://erail.era.europa.eu/documents/SPR.pdf Bleiker, C. (2016). After Bad Aibling: railway safety in Europe. DW. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/after-bad-aibling-railway-safety-in-europe/a-19037919 BMVI. (2017). Railway Operating Safety. Retrieved from https://www.bmvi.de/EN/Topics/Mobility/Rail/Railway-Operating-Safety/railway-operating-safety.html Dawson, D. (2012). Fatigue Risk Management: A safety Management systems approach. Criterion Conferences. Retrieved from https://www.cqu.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/51851/HFESA.pdf (2017). Enhancing Safety Standards. Retrieved from https://ib2014.deutschebahn.com/ib2014-en/additional-info-sustainability/customer-and-quality/enhancing-safety-standards.html EBA. (2017). Federal Railway Authority. Retrieved from https://www.eba.bund.de/EN/home_node.html Hopkins, A. (2014). Safety culture and Risk. Wolters Kluwer. Railway Gazette. (2016). The Price of Safety. Retrieved from https://www.railwaygazette.com/analysis/single-news/view/the-price-of-safety.html Safe Work Australia. (2017). Identify, assess and control Hazards. Retrieved from https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/risk Sharples, S. (2016). Germany Train crash-ways in which rail Safety systems can fail. Phys. Retrieved from https://phys.org/news/2016-02-germany-crashways-rail-safety.html SKF. (2017). Deutsche Bahns new trains run more efficiently and longer with advanced technologies. Retrieved from https://www.skf.com/il/news-and-media/news-search/2017-06-13-deutsche-bahns-new-trains-run-more-efficiently-and-longer-with-advanced-technologies-from-skf.html Zuvela, M. (2016). Prosecutor identifies Human Error as cause of Bad Aibling Train Disaster. DW. Retrieved from https://www.dw.com/en/prosecutor-identifies-human-error-as-cause-of-bad-aibling-train-disaster/a-19051663